Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

In a study of healthy male volunteers, sildenafil (100 mg) did not affect the steady state pharmacokinetics of the HIV protease inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, both of which are CYP3A4 substrates. VIAGRA (50 mg) did not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin (150 mg). Sildenafil at steady state, at a dose not approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (80 mg t.i.d.) resulted in a 50% increase in AUC and a 42% increase in Cmax of bosentan (125 mg b.i.d.). In clinical studies, VIAGRA was assessed for its effect on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. VIAGRA was evaluated primarily at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg in 21 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 months in duration, using a variety of study designs (fixed dose, titration, parallel, crossover).

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In a study of healthy male volunteers, sildenafil (100 mg) did not affect the steady state pharmacokinetics of the HIV protease inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, both of which are CYP3A4 substrates. VIAGRA (50 mg) did not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin (150 mg). Sildenafil at steady state, at a dose not approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (80 mg t.i.d.) resulted in a 50% increase in AUC and a 42% increase in Cmax of bosentan (125 mg b.i.d.). In clinical studies, VIAGRA was assessed for its effect on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. VIAGRA was evaluated primarily at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg in 21 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 months in duration, using a variety of study designs (fixed dose, titration, parallel, crossover).

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VIAGRA was administered to more than 3,000 patients aged 19 to 87 years, with ED of various etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed) with a mean duration of 5 years. VIAGRA demonstrated statistically significant improvement compared to placebo in all 21 studies. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo. The effectiveness of VIAGRA was evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered.

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The effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function, subsequent function in patients treated with VIAGRA was better than that seen in patients treated with placebo. At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline. Effect of VIAGRA and Placebo on Maintenance of Erection by Baseline Score. The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7. VIAGRA was administered to more than 3,000 patients aged 19 to 87 years, with ED of various etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed) with a mean duration of 5 years. VIAGRA demonstrated statistically significant improvement compared to placebo in all 21 studies. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo. The effectiveness of VIAGRA was evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered. The effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function, subsequent function in patients treated with VIAGRA was better than that seen in patients treated with placebo.

• Sildenafil was originally developed to treat pulmonary hypertension.
• The 100 mg dosage is often prescribed when lower doses are ineffective.
• It can cause vision changes such as blurred vision or a blue tint.
• Alcohol consumption can enhance side effects and reduce effectiveness.
• Patients with heart conditions should consult a doctor before use.
• The medication is available by prescription only in many countries.
• Use with caution in patients with kidney or liver impairment.
• Report any allergic reactions like rash or difficulty breathing immediately.
• Sildenafil may cause dizziness; avoid operating heavy machinery after intake.

At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline. Effect of VIAGRA and Placebo on Maintenance of Erection by Baseline Score. The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7.

Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of VIAGRA, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections. The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period. In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of VIAGRA on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50-100 mg of VIAGRA vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on VIAGRA vs about 20% on placebo. During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that VIAGRA improved their erections. Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. VIAGRA improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction. One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, sildenafil 100mg hexal patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of VIAGRA; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on VIAGRA compared to placebo.

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If you need emergency medical care for a heart problem, it will be important for your healthcare provider to know when you last took VIAGRA. Ask your doctor if your heart is healthy enough to handle the extra strain of having sex. VIAGRA does not protect you or your partner from getting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. VIAGRA is a prescription medicine used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). VIAGRA helps a man with erectile dysfunction get and keep an erection only when he is sexually excited (stimulated).

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VIAGRA is not for use in women or children. It is not known if VIAGRA is safe and effective in women or children under 18 years of age. take medicines called nitrates (such as nitroglycerin) use street drugs called “poppers” such as amyl nitrate or amyl nitrite, and butyl nitrate take any medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat (Adempas) are allergic to sildenafil, as contained in VIAGRA and REVATIO, or any of the ingredients in VIAGRA. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in VIAGRA What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking VIAGRA? Before you take VIAGRA, tell your healthcare provider if you: have or have had heart problems such as a heart attack, irregular heartbeat, angina, chest pain, narrowing of the aortic valve or heart failure have had heart surgery within the last 6 months have low blood pressure, or high blood pressure that is not controlled have had an erection that lasted for more than 4 hours have problems with your blood cells such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia have retinitis pigmentosa, a rare genetic (runs in families) eye disease have ever had severe vision loss, including an eye problem called non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) have kidney problems or are having kidney dialysis Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take*, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. On a global improvement question, 57% of VIAGRA patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on VIAGRA, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of VIAGRA.

• Sildenafil 100 mg does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
• It is not recommended for women or children.
• The medication can sometimes cause back pain or muscle aches.
• Use sildenafil only as prescribed to minimize risks.
• Some users report facial flushing after taking the pill.
• Avoid excessive physical activity immediately after taking the drug.
• Always read the patient information leaflet before use.
• Do not share your medication with others.
• Sildenafil may cause nasal stuffiness or congestion.

On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on VIAGRA versus 12% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on VIAGRA, 59% of attempts at sexual intercourse were successful compared to 13% on placebo.

Across all trials, VIAGRA improved the erections of 43% of radical prostatectomy patients compared to 15% on placebo. Subgroup analyses of responses to a global improvement question in patients with psychogenic etiology in two fixed-dose studies (total n=179) and two titration studies (total n=149) showed 84% of VIAGRA patients reported improvement in erections compared with 26% of placebo. Diary data in two of the studies (n=178) showed rates of successful intercourse per attempt of 70% for VIAGRA and 29% for placebo. A review of population subgroups demonstrated efficacy regardless of baseline severity, etiology, race and age. VIAGRA was effective in a broad range of ED patients, including those with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, other cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and spinal cord injury, and in patients taking antidepressants/antipsychotics and antihypertensives/ diuretics. VIAGRA® (vi-AG-rah) (sildenafil citrate) Tablets What is the most important information I should know about VIAGRA? VIAGRA can cause your blood pressure to drop suddenly to an unsafe level if it is taken with certain other medicines. Do not take VIAGRA if you take any other medicines called “nitrates”. Nitrates are used to treat chest pain (angina).

• Sildenafil 100 mg tablets are primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction.
• The medication works by increasing blood flow to the penis.
• It is usually taken 30-60 minutes before sexual activity.
• Do not take more than one tablet per 24 hours to avoid overdose.
• Common side effects include headache, flushing, and nasal congestion.
• Sildenafil 100 mg should be used only under medical supervision.
• Avoid consuming high-fat meals close to the time of intake.
• It may interact with nitrates, leading to dangerous blood pressure drops.
• Store in a cool, dry place away from children and pets.

Do not take VIAGRA if you take medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators which include: Riociguat (Adempas®) a medicine that treats pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Tell all your healthcare providers that you take VIAGRA.

• Sildenafil 100 mg is often part of a broader treatment plan.
• It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions precisely.
• Overuse can lead to priapism, a painful and prolonged erection.
• It is not a cure for erectile dysfunction but helps manage symptoms.
• Do not take sildenafil if you are on medications containing nitroglycerin.
• Regular check-ups may be necessary to monitor health effects.
• The medication has been available since the late 1990s.
• Use caution when combining sildenafil with blood pressure medications.
• Seek immediate medical help if you experience vision loss.

If you need emergency medical care for a heart problem, it will be important for your healthcare provider to know when you last took VIAGRA. Ask your doctor if your heart is healthy enough to handle the extra strain of having sex.

In case of emergency/overdose

VIAGRA does not protect you or your partner from getting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. VIAGRA is a prescription medicine used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED).

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Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of VIAGRA, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections. The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.

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In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of VIAGRA on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50-100 mg of VIAGRA vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on VIAGRA vs about 20% on placebo. During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that VIAGRA improved their erections. Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF.

Sildenafil may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

VIAGRA improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction. One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, sildenafil 100mg hexal patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of VIAGRA; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on VIAGRA compared to placebo. On a global improvement question, 57% of VIAGRA patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. VIAGRA helps a man with erectile dysfunction get and keep an erection only when he is sexually excited (stimulated). VIAGRA is not for use in women or children. It is not known if VIAGRA is safe and effective in women or children under 18 years of age.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

Diary data indicated that on VIAGRA, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of VIAGRA. On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on VIAGRA versus 12% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on VIAGRA, 59% of attempts at sexual intercourse were successful compared to 13% on placebo.

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Across all trials, VIAGRA improved the erections of 43% of radical prostatectomy patients compared to 15% on placebo. Subgroup analyses of responses to a global improvement question in patients with psychogenic etiology in two fixed-dose studies (total n=179) and two titration studies (total n=149) showed 84% of VIAGRA patients reported improvement in erections compared with 26% of placebo. Diary data in two of the studies (n=178) showed rates of successful intercourse per attempt of 70% for VIAGRA and 29% for placebo. A review of population subgroups demonstrated efficacy regardless of baseline severity, etiology, race and age. VIAGRA was effective in a broad range of ED patients, including those with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, other cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and spinal cord injury, and in patients taking antidepressants/antipsychotics and antihypertensives/ diuretics.

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VIAGRA® (vi-AG-rah) (sildenafil citrate) Tablets What is the most important information I should know about VIAGRA? VIAGRA can cause your blood pressure to drop suddenly to an unsafe level if it is taken with certain other medicines. Do not take VIAGRA if you take any other medicines called “nitrates”. Nitrates are used to treat chest pain (angina). Do not take VIAGRA if you take medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators which include: Riociguat (Adempas®) a medicine that treats pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Tell all your healthcare providers that you take VIAGRA. take medicines called nitrates (such as nitroglycerin) use street drugs called “poppers” such as amyl nitrate or amyl nitrite, and butyl nitrate take any medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat (Adempas) are allergic to sildenafil, as contained in VIAGRA and REVATIO, or any of the ingredients in VIAGRA. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in VIAGRA What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking VIAGRA?

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VIAGRA may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect the way VIAGRA works causing side effects. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take any of the following: medicines called nitrates (see “What is the most important information I should know about VIAGRA?”) medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators, such as riociguat (Adempas) medicines called alpha-blockers such as Hytrin (terazosin HCl), Flomax (tamsulosin HCl), Cardura (doxazosin mesylate), Minipress (prazosin HCl), Uroxatral (alfuzosin HCl), Jalyn (dutasteride and tamsulosin HCl), or Rapaflo (silodosin). Before you take VIAGRA, tell your healthcare provider if you: have or have had heart problems such as a heart attack, irregular heartbeat, angina, chest pain, narrowing of the aortic valve or heart failure have had heart surgery within the last 6 months have low blood pressure, or high blood pressure that is not controlled have had an erection that lasted for more than 4 hours have problems with your blood cells such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia have retinitis pigmentosa, a rare genetic (runs in families) eye disease have ever had severe vision loss, including an eye problem called non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) have kidney problems or are having kidney dialysis Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take*, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. VIAGRA may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect the way VIAGRA works causing side effects. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take any of the following: medicines called nitrates (see “What is the most important information I should know about VIAGRA?”) medicines called guanylate cyclase stimulators, such as riociguat (Adempas) medicines called alpha-blockers such as Hytrin (terazosin HCl), Flomax (tamsulosin HCl), Cardura (doxazosin mesylate), Minipress (prazosin HCl), Uroxatral (alfuzosin HCl), Jalyn (dutasteride and tamsulosin HCl), or Rapaflo (silodosin).